Obstetrics and gynecology

Obstetrics nad gynecology, commonly known as OB-GYN, OBG, O&G, or obs and gyne, is the medical specialty that deals with obstetrics and gynecology. Post-graduate training programs for both aspects are usually combined, preparing the practicing obstetrician-gynecologist to be adept at the care of female reproductive organs' health and at the management of pregnancy, although many doctors go on to develop subspecialty interest in one field or the other.

Subspecialty
Of thse, only the first four are truly recognized subspecialties by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG). The other subspecialties are recognized as informal concentrations of practice. To be recognized as a board-certified subspecialist by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology or the American Osteopathic Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, a practitioner must have completed an ACGME or American Osteopathic Association-accredited residency and obtain a Certificate of Added Qualifications (CAQ) which requires an additional standardized examination.
 * Maternal-fetal medicine - an obstetrical subspecialty, sometimes referred to as perinatology, that focuses on the medical and surgical management of high-risk pregnancies and surgery on the fetus with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality.
 * Reproductive endocrinology and infertility - a subspecialty that focuses on the biological causes and interventional treatment of infertility.
 * Gynecologic oncology - a gynecologic subspecialty focusing on the medical and surgical treatment of women with cancers of the reproductive organs.
 * Urogynecology - a gynecologic subspecialty focusing on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of women with urinary incontinence and prolapse of the pelvic organs.
 * Advanced laparoscopy
 * Family planning - a gynecologic subspecialty offering training in contraception and abortion.
 * Pediatric and adolescent gynecology
 * Menopausal and geriatric gynecology

Additionally, physicians of other specialties may become trained in Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO), a short certification that equips them to better manage emergent OB/GYN situations.